单词是基本的语言单位，通过含义将思想和事物联系起来。但是，单词在文本序列中并未独立出现。句法规则的存在导致相邻单词之间的相关性。此外，单词不是均匀分布的，而是遵循幂定律，因为带有纯语义内容的术语似乎比指定语法关系的术语要少得多。使用序数模式方法，我们对11种主要语言的词汇统计连接进行了分析。我们发现，语言用来表达单词关系的各种举止产生了独特的模式分布。值得注意的是，我们发现这些关系可以用马尔可夫2的模型建模，并且该结果对所有研究的语言都有普遍有效。此外，模式分布的波动可以使我们能够确定文本及其作者的历史时期。综上所述，这些结果强调了时间序列分析和信息理论方法的相关性，以理解自然语言的统计相关性。

In this paper, we propose the first-ever real benchmark thought for evaluating Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) and, in general, Neural Rendering (NR) frameworks. We design and implement an effective pipeline for scanning real objects in quantity and effortlessly. Our scan station is built with less than 500$ hardware budget and can collect roughly 4000 images of a scanned object in just 5 minutes. Such a platform is used to build ScanNeRF, a dataset characterized by several train/val/test splits aimed at benchmarking the performance of modern NeRF methods under different conditions. Accordingly, we evaluate three cutting-edge NeRF variants on it to highlight their strengths and weaknesses. The dataset is available on our project page, together with an online benchmark to foster the development of better and better NeRFs.

尽管最近的自动文本识别取得了进步，但在历史手稿方面，该性能仍然保持温和。这主要是因为缺乏可用的标记数据来训练渴望数据的手写文本识别（HTR）模型。由于错误率的降低，关键字发现系统（KWS）提供了HTR的有效替代方案，但通常仅限于封闭的参考词汇。在本文中，我们提出了一些学习范式，用于发现几个字符（n-gram）的序列，这些序列需要少量标记的训练数据。我们表明，对重要的n-gram的认识可以减少系统对词汇的依赖。在这种情况下，输入手写线图像中的vocabulary（OOV）单词可能是属于词典的n-gram序列。对我们提出的多代表方法进行了广泛的实验评估。

脑小血管疾病的成像标记提供了有关脑部健康的宝贵信息，但是它们的手动评估既耗时又受到实质性内部和间际变异性的阻碍。自动化评级可能受益于生物医学研究以及临床评估，但是现有算法的诊断可靠性尚不清楚。在这里，我们介绍了\ textIt {血管病变检测和分割}（\ textit {v textit {where valdo？}）挑战，该挑战是在国际医学图像计算和计算机辅助干预措施（MICCAI）的卫星事件中运行的挑战（MICCAI） 2021.这一挑战旨在促进大脑小血管疾病的小而稀疏成像标记的自动检测和分割方法的开发，即周围空间扩大（EPVS）（任务1），脑微粒（任务2）和预先塑造的鞋类血管起源（任务3），同时利用弱和嘈杂的标签。总体而言，有12个团队参与了针对一个或多个任务的解决方案的挑战（任务1 -EPVS 4，任务2 -Microbleeds的9个，任务3 -lacunes的6个）。多方数据都用于培训和评估。结果表明，整个团队和跨任务的性能都有很大的差异，对于任务1- EPV和任务2-微型微型且对任务3 -lacunes尚无实际的结果，其结果尤其有望。它还强调了可能阻止个人级别使用的情况的性能不一致，同时仍证明在人群层面上有用。

有必要开发负担得起且可靠的诊断工具，该工具允许包含COVID-19的扩散。已经提出了机器学习（ML）算法来设计支持决策系统以评估胸部X射线图像，事实证明，这些图像可用于检测和评估疾病进展。许多研究文章围绕此主题发表，这使得很难确定未来工作的最佳方法。本文介绍了使用胸部X射线图像应用于COVID-19检测的ML的系统综述，旨在就方法，体系结构，数据库和当前局限性为研究人员提供基线。

本文为复杂和物理互动的任务提供了用于移动操纵器的混合学习和优化框架。该框架利用了入学型物理接口，以获得直观而简化的人类演示和高斯混合模型（GMM）/高斯混合物回归（GMR），以根据位置，速度和力剖面来编码和生成学习的任务要求。接下来，使用GMM/GMR生成的所需轨迹和力剖面，通过用二次程序加强能量箱增强笛卡尔阻抗控制器的阻抗参数可以在线优化，以确保受控系统的消极性。进行了两个实验以验证框架，将我们的方法与两种恒定刚度（高和低）的方法进行了比较。结果表明，即使在存在诸如意外的最终效应碰撞等干扰的情况下，该方法在轨迹跟踪和生成的相互作用力方面都优于其他两种情况。

数据增强是自然语言处理（NLP）模型的鲁棒性评估的重要组成部分，以及增强他们培训的数据的多样性。在本文中，我们呈现NL-Cogmenter，这是一种新的参与式Python的自然语言增强框架，它支持创建两个转换（对数据的修改）和过滤器（根据特定功能的数据拆分）。我们描述了框架和初始的117个变换和23个过滤器，用于各种自然语言任务。我们通过使用其几个转换来分析流行自然语言模型的鲁棒性来证明NL-Upmenter的功效。基础架构，Datacards和稳健性分析结果在NL-Augmenter存储库上公开可用（\ url {https://github.com/gem-benchmark/nl-augmenter}）。

There is a dramatic shortage of skilled labor for modern vineyards. The Vinum project is developing a mobile robotic solution to autonomously navigate through vineyards for winter grapevine pruning. This necessitates an autonomous navigation stack for the robot pruning a vineyard. The Vinum project is using the quadruped robot HyQReal. This paper introduces an architecture for a quadruped robot to autonomously move through a vineyard by identifying and approaching grapevines for pruning. The higher level control is a state machine switching between searching for destination positions, autonomously navigating towards those locations, and stopping for the robot to complete a task. The destination points are determined by identifying grapevine trunks using instance segmentation from a Mask Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask-RCNN). These detections are sent through a filter to avoid redundancy and remove noisy detections. The combination of these features is the basis for the proposed architecture.

Ithaca is a Fuzzy Logic (FL) plugin for developing artificial intelligence systems within the Unity game engine. Its goal is to provide an intuitive and natural way to build advanced artificial intelligence systems, making the implementation of such a system faster and more affordable. The software is made up by a C\# framework and an Application Programming Interface (API) for writing inference systems, as well as a set of tools for graphic development and debugging. Additionally, a Fuzzy Control Language (FCL) parser is provided in order to import systems previously defined using this standard.

Advances in computer vision and machine learning techniques have led to significant development in 2D and 3D human pose estimation from RGB cameras, LiDAR, and radars. However, human pose estimation from images is adversely affected by occlusion and lighting, which are common in many scenarios of interest. Radar and LiDAR technologies, on the other hand, need specialized hardware that is expensive and power-intensive. Furthermore, placing these sensors in non-public areas raises significant privacy concerns. To address these limitations, recent research has explored the use of WiFi antennas (1D sensors) for body segmentation and key-point body detection. This paper further expands on the use of the WiFi signal in combination with deep learning architectures, commonly used in computer vision, to estimate dense human pose correspondence. We developed a deep neural network that maps the phase and amplitude of WiFi signals to UV coordinates within 24 human regions. The results of the study reveal that our model can estimate the dense pose of multiple subjects, with comparable performance to image-based approaches, by utilizing WiFi signals as the only input. This paves the way for low-cost, broadly accessible, and privacy-preserving algorithms for human sensing.